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- Tech Talk
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- But its just a resistor!
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- We have talked in previous columns about various types of components, but have never talked about resistors. Most people think of
- resistors as a simple, non-descript, very passive part of a circuit. In most cases, this is not true!
- Most people are aware that there are differences in the shape and size of different resistors. These differences are due to power
- rating and the material used as the resistive element.
- Very small size resistors are available with power ratings of one-eighth of a watt. More common are one-quarter watt parts. Most of the
- resistors used in digital circuits, low power analog, and other consumer electonics devices are one-quarter watt. This is the size commonly
- available at stores such as Radio Shack.
- Larger sized resistors are also typically available in one-half, one, and two watt packages. Older electical products often used
- one-half watt parts. The diameter of the lead will also typically increase along with the power rating.
- Resistors rated for 5 or more watts should be mounted to a heat sink. These typically have rectangular bodies so that they can be
- "sandwiched" between a flat surface of the heat sink and a metal plate. The maximum temperature for reliable operation of most resistors is
- about 70 degrees celcius, and destruction begins above 125 degrees celcius.
- Very high power resistors of 25 watts or more usually have external bodies that are themselves heat sinks. They also have mounting tabs
- for securing the part to a heat sink. Always calculate the power a resistor will have to dissipate before deciding on a part for replacement
- or new design.
- There are several different construction methods for resistors that depend on the type of resistive element used. These include carbon
- composition, metal film, metal oxide, and wire wound.
- Carbon composition resistors are essentially the oldest style, and are still appropriate in many applications. The resistance of a
- carbon resistor is determined by the size, purity, and density of the resistive element. Carbon resistors are typically available from about
- one ohm to 10 Mohms.
- An example of a good application for carbon resistors is RF. If an RF circuit is to be built with leaded, as opposed to surface mount,
- components, a carbon resistor is usually the best choice. They do not become inductive or capacitive at high frequencies.
- Metal film resistors are probably the most common type today. Initially, the cost of this type of part was much higher than carbon, but
- increased volume and improved manufacturing techniques have lower the cost tremendously.
- A metal film resistor is made by depositing a film of metal on a cylindrical ceramic body. End caps with the leads of the part already
- attached are the put on the ends, and the entire assembly is coated with epoxy or other conformal coating. The metal film is usually
- deposited as a ribbon wound around the body, which is one reason that these parts become inductive even at relatively low (100KHz)
- frequencies.
- The type, thickness, and length of the film is determined by the value of the part. Metal film resistors are typically available from
- fractions of an ohm to 100 Mohms.
- Metal oxide resistors are very similiar to metal film parts, but are used in high voltage applications. The resistive element is a
- metal oxide to increase the voltage breakdown specification.
- Wire wound resistors are, as their name suggests, made by winding the length of resistance wire needed to achieve the desired
- resistance. The resistance wire is wound on a form and leads are connected to the wire. Since they are a coil of sorts, these parts are also
- inductive. Both wire wound and film resistors are, however, available with non-inductive windings at extra cost.
- Wire wound resistors are available in values from a fraction of an ohm to 1 Mohm. Most high power resistors are wire wounds.
- CU next month.
- Doug
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